Living with an ostomy comes with unique challenges, and one of the most common complications many patients face is the development of a hernia. Specifically, ostomy patients are more susceptible to what is known as a parastomal hernia, a bulge or protrusion of abdominal contents around the stoma. Research suggests that anywhere from 30% to 50% of ostomy patients will develop a hernia at some point, making it an important topic for both patients and caregivers to understand.
What Causes Hernias in Ostomy Patients?
A hernia develops when an internal organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall. In people without an ostomy, hernias often occur near the groin, navel, or a site of prior surgery. For ostomy patients, the stoma itself creates an intentional opening through the abdominal wall, which naturally weakens the area.
Several factors contribute to the increased risk:
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Surgical Opening in the Abdominal Wall
The creation of a stoma disrupts the normal strength and integrity of abdominal muscles, leaving a permanent weak point. -
Pressure Inside the Abdomen
Everyday activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure—such as coughing, sneezing, heavy lifting, or straining during bowel movements—can push intestinal tissue through the weakened stoma site. -
Changes in Muscle Support
Depending on stoma placement, some patients may have less muscle coverage around the site, further reducing support.
Risk Factors That Make Hernias More Likely
While any ostomy patient can develop a hernia, certain factors make them more likely:
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Age – Older patients often have weaker abdominal muscles and slower healing.
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Weight – Obesity increases abdominal pressure and stress on the stoma site.
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Post-Surgical Recovery – Inadequate healing after surgery or infections at the stoma site can weaken tissues.
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Smoking – Delays wound healing and increases risk of hernia formation.
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Physical Strain – Repeated heavy lifting or high-intensity physical activity can contribute to hernia development.
Symptoms of a Parastomal Hernia
Patients should watch for signs such as:
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A visible bulge around or under the stoma
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Discomfort, pain, or pressure at the site
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Difficulty with ostomy appliance fitting or leakage
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Bowel obstruction symptoms in severe cases (cramping, nausea, vomiting)
Prevention and Management
While not every hernia can be prevented, there are steps that can help reduce risk:
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Use of Support Belts or Garments – Specialized hernia support belts designed for ostomy patients provide extra reinforcement to the abdominal wall.
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Exercise and Core Strengthening – Gentle strengthening exercises (guided by a healthcare provider) can help stabilize abdominal muscles.
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Careful Lifting Techniques – Avoiding heavy lifting or using proper posture can lower strain.
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Maintaining a Healthy Weight – Reducing excess abdominal pressure decreases risk.
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Close Monitoring – Regular checkups with a stoma care nurse or surgeon help detect early changes.
For patients who develop significant hernias, surgical repair may be considered, though recurrence rates can be high. Many patients manage smaller hernias with supportive garments and lifestyle adjustments.
Final Thoughts
Hernias are one of the most common long-term complications of living with an ostomy, but understanding why they happen and how to reduce the risks can make a meaningful difference. With proper prevention strategies, early detection, and supportive products, (like our Celebration Ostomy harness) many ostomy patients are able to maintain comfort and a good quality of life while minimizing hernia-related complications.